An unfinished history of all the James Bond Aston Martins

2

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  • zebrafishzebrafish <°)))< in Octopussy's garden in the shade
    edited July 2018 Posts: 4,311
    I updated my first post, thanks. It will be interesting to see if someone buys the car - and what he does with it.

    The Bonhams catalogue text also says that this car was in Spectre.
    DB5/1885/R in Spectre with licence plate BMT 216A
    spectre_ending_0.jpg
    Bonham's Goodwood Festival of Speed Sale 2018: With the Goldeneye licence plate BMT 214A
    image?src=Images%2Flive%2F2018-06%2F05%2F24767595-1-30.jpg&width=1146&height=764&strip=1&format=jpg&fill=none&autosizefit=0&stats=1

    They must have had at least one other "corpse" of an Aston Martin, because I do not think they disassembled the old one:

    latest?cb=20161114151611
  • zebrafishzebrafish <°)))< in Octopussy's garden in the shade
    Posts: 4,311
    Theft Alert!

    https://gallery.mailchimp.com/5de880f864f3c28e85253c1e5/files/767f4a25-9d0b-40ce-80f1-a4850cfd8e0d/Theft_Alert_Aston_Martin.pdf

    STOLEN CAR

    Art Recovery International (ARI) requests assistance from the public to help recover this stolen 1964 Aston Martin DB5.

    In June of 1997, this legendary classic disappeared from a hangar at the Boca Raton (Florida) Airport, and has never resurfaced.
  • zebrafishzebrafish <°)))< in Octopussy's garden in the shade
    edited August 2018 Posts: 4,311
    This just in:

    Aston Martin is going to build 25 Aston Martin DB5 in the silver birch colour from scratch (so-called continuation cars) and with the Goldfinger gadget configuration.

    Two small problems, though:
    1. Expect to be billed up to 3.5 million Dollars.
    2. They will not be allowed to be operated on public roads.

    Three more will be built: One stays with Aston Martin, one will be auctioned for charity, and one will be delivered to EON.

    This could be yours soon:
    bonddb53.jpg?sfvrsn=0
  • BMW_with_missilesBMW_with_missiles All the usual refinements.
    Posts: 3,000
    zebrafish wrote: »
    2. They will not be allowed to be operated on public roads.

    Well that sucks. I wonder if it’s because of not meeting modern safety and emissions standards, or just because of the rotating license plate.
  • ClarkDevlinClarkDevlin Martinis, Girls and Guns
    Posts: 15,423
    If they're not allowed to be operated on public roads, then what's the point?

    I wouldn't buy it (if I had money, that is!) just to put it on a display and brag about it. I want to buy it, drive it and enjoy it. Otherwise, there's no point.
  • BMW_with_missilesBMW_with_missiles All the usual refinements.
    Posts: 3,000
    If they're not allowed to be operated on public roads, then what's the point?

    I wouldn't buy it (if I had money, that is!) just to put it on a display and brag about it. I want to buy it, drive it and enjoy it. Otherwise, there's no point.

    Especially when an original, drivable DB5 is cheaper.
  • ClarkDevlinClarkDevlin Martinis, Girls and Guns
    Posts: 15,423
    If they're not allowed to be operated on public roads, then what's the point?

    I wouldn't buy it (if I had money, that is!) just to put it on a display and brag about it. I want to buy it, drive it and enjoy it. Otherwise, there's no point.
    Especially when an original, drivable DB5 is cheaper.
    Exactly.
  • zebrafishzebrafish <°)))< in Octopussy's garden in the shade
    Posts: 4,311
    Scratch your savings together and head out to Monterey, California, for Sotheby's auction of this DB5 with Q-specifications.



    The chassis number is DB5/2008/R, therefore it is indeed on of the original cars used to promote Goldfinger and Thunderball. Restored (the dent in the rear bumper is gone) and refurbished with gadgets.

    Some interesting bits of information are given on the auction website:

    In typical moviemaking fashion, the producers wanted two near-identical cars to fulfill various roles during filming. One would be required for stunt driving and chase sequences, and therefore needed to be lightweight and fast. The other, to be used for interior shots and close-ups, was to undergo several functional modifications created by Stears, the kind that would furnish James Bond with an unprecedented amount of gadgetry.

    Despite the filmmakers’ expectation that Aston Martin would happily give them two cars for promotional benefits, marque president David Brown insisted that the production company buy the cars outright. Eventually a compromise was reached in which two cars were loaned to Eon Productions for the duration of filming, after which they would be returned to Aston Martin.


    In preparation for Thunderball’s release, the company ordered two more DB5 saloons, receiving chassis nos. DB5/2008/R (the featured example) and DB5/2017/R. The two cars were shipped to the United States for media duties for Thunderball. One was dispatched to the East Coast, and the other to the West. The latter DB5 even appeared at Laguna Seca as a pace car driven by Jackie Stewart.

    After completion of Thunderball, the two cars were largely mothballed as yet two more Bond films followed with different automobiles in the hero roles. Accordingly, the production company’s parent financier, the Swiss-based Danjac S.A., quietly offered the two cars for sale in 1969, and they were soon bought as a pair by the well-known British collector Anthony (now Lord) Bamford. He quickly sold 2017/R but retained possession of 2008/R until 1970, and the British registration for the car in his name remains on file. The Aston Martin build record lists Eon Productions as the original purchaser along with the important designation of this being a “Bond Car.” Under Bamford’s ownership the saloon returned to the factory for service, and it received a host of freshening and mechanical measures, all of which are documented on the build record.

    Bamford then sold DB5/2008/R to B.H. Atchley, the owner of the Smokey Mountain Car Museum in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. The unique Aston Martin was soon featured as the museum’s centerpiece in a rather unusual display, as the car was encased in a large wire-mesh cage that was bolted to the floor, ensuring it would never be idly touched or pawed by starstruck visitors. The DB5 remained in this pristine state of display for 35 years, receiving regular start-ups for exercise during this time.

    In 2006, RM Auctions was privileged to offer this Bond DB5 for public sale. While some of the Bond contraptions were restored into functioning order prior to the 2006 offering, a majority of the car remained otherwise unrestored. Since that time a no-expense-spared restoration by the esteemed Roos Engineering in Switzerland was completed, as documented by numerous invoices and photographs. Roos Engineering is also one of 13 facilities whom Aston Martin have appointed as official Heritage Specialists who have the highest order of depth, expertise, and experience with the marque. Not only were the chassis and body completely refinished to proper standards, but all 13 of the Ken Adam–designed modifications were properly refurbished to function as originally built. Following completion of the four-year restoration, the Aston Martin was the subject of a feature article on the Bond DB5 cars that was printed in the October 2012 issue of Motor.

    Being the third of just four Goldfinger-specification DB5 examples built, this Aston Martin is automatically endowed with a high degree of rarity. It should be noted that the first John Stears–modified car has been lost since 1997, narrowing the number of surviving examples to just three cars. Of these survivors, one car (chassis no. 1486/R) was originally unmodified, as it was used for driving sequences and only had gadgets added later.


    And this is extra-sweet:
    Reached through his son, Stephane Connery, ahead of the sale, Sean Connery said, “These DB5s are amazing. I remember the Furka Pass tire shredding, as well as the promotional events with these cars—they have become increasingly iconic since Goldfinger and Thunderball. In fact, I bought a very fine DB5 myself relatively recently.
  • PropertyOfALadyPropertyOfALady Colders Federation CEO
    Posts: 3,675
    Plot twist: RM Sotheby's announces that woman is 007 #7 in a remake of GF.
  • Posts: 2,887
    I've never heard of Stephane Connery before--a quick google and image search suggests he's Connery's stepson, the son of his current wife (who is French, hence the name).
  • PropertyOfALadyPropertyOfALady Colders Federation CEO
    Posts: 3,675
    Is there a picture of the rear end of one of these at I believe the Aston Martin centenary, or some other celebration? I can't find a picture that I know of. Perhaps it got taken down. It was cloudy and rainy.
  • zebrafishzebrafish <°)))< in Octopussy's garden in the shade
    Posts: 4,311
    This just in:

    The fully restored James Bond Aston Martin DB5 promotional car from Goldfinger sold for $ 6.4 million Dollars at yesterday's RM Sotheby's auction in Monterey! The price even exceeded the expected maximum.

    Given that the last owner purchased it for "only" 2.1 million Dollars and had it restored to former glory, he looks like a double-winner: He owned it for more than a decade, had fun with it and then finds a new home for it, cashing in a considerable profit on top.

    And whoever is the proud owner now: If you are reading this (which is not unlikely), congratulations on the purchase of a lifetime!

    a63465b9b5b6b5bd71e7d2a89fcbd350f2229b65.jpg


    d12579d49f8d3a658452740494ab19ba3becbd0e.jpg
  • Posts: 12,506
    zebrafish wrote: »
    This just in:

    The fully restored James Bond Aston Martin DB5 promotional car from Goldfinger sold for $ 6.4 million Dollars at yesterday's RM Sotheby's auction in Monterey! The price even exceeded the expected maximum.

    Given that the last owner purchased it for "only" 2.1 million Dollars and had it restored to former glory, he looks like a double-winner: He owned it for more than a decade, had fun with it and then finds a new home for it, cashing in a considerable profit on top.

    And whoever is the proud owner now: If you are reading this (which is not unlikely), congratulations on the purchase of a lifetime!

    a63465b9b5b6b5bd71e7d2a89fcbd350f2229b65.jpg


    d12579d49f8d3a658452740494ab19ba3becbd0e.jpg

    That is a great example of the power the Bond brand has still after all these years.
  • mtmmtm United Kingdom
    Posts: 14,861
    I guess this thread could do with a bump and an update, as we have a new movie featuring several DB5s!
  • zebrafishzebrafish <°)))< in Octopussy's garden in the shade
    Posts: 4,311
    Sure, but I have temporarily lost count of the "true" DB5's. NTTD features stunt cars with BMW engines. Is there a real DB5 (engine, inrerior) among them?

    As for the V8, who has intel about its past? Is it the same car from TLD?
  • mtmmtm United Kingdom
    edited February 2021 Posts: 14,861
    zebrafish wrote: »
    Sure, but I have temporarily lost count of the "true" DB5's. NTTD features stunt cars with BMW engines. Is there a real DB5 (engine, inrerior) among them?

    There's definitely at least one real one for the beauty/arrival shots, yes. I would guess it's Eon's one from the previous films again, but I can't remember now if we've seen more than one. The Esquire link says they used two.

    It seems like there were 8 new replicas built, two of them with roofpods, two gadget cars and four stunt ones for bashing.
    https://www.esquire.com/uk/design/a31003673/no-time-to-die-aston-martin-james-bond/

    So I guess all of the DB5s in this shot are replicas and the real one(s) were with Eon.

    NINTCHDBPICT000508750621-1.jpg

    zebrafish wrote: »
    As for the V8, who has intel about its past? Is it the same car from TLD?

    I'm pretty sure I saw Aston Martin Works talk about how they prepared those cars somewhere. I'm 99% sure they're not from TLD; most notable difference is the lack of sunroof on the NTTD versions. Looks like they had two or three (one of them in the above shot hasn' been converted to 007 spec; not sure if it was yet to be when the photo was taken).
  • mtmmtm United Kingdom
    edited March 2021 Posts: 14,861
    Looking into the TLD V8s a little more, this site says that there were (not including the ex-Victor Gaunlett Volante seen in England at the start of the film) 3 real cars bought by Eon (base model V8s, rebadged as Vantages to mirror Gauntlett's Vantage Volante) and then 7 fibreglass mockups to destroy in stunts or use for close-ups of gadgets deploying. Plus there was one 'lookalike' with no engine used for the ski slope shots. Of the three V8s one was interior shots, one for the jump over the huts and one was the hero car with the gadgets, apparently.

    This site also has some info about them: https://www.hotcars.com/heres-what-happened-to-james-bonds-aston-martin-v8-vantage-volante/

    Meanwhile this old thread from Commanderbond.net features a post from 'Mark Hazard' who found the cars in storage and wrote about them in a magazine article:
    I was informed of this (by an Aston Martin dealer) in 1992, when I "borrowed" the AML/Eon V8 "show car" for eleven weeks and susequently wrote about it, which was printed in a number of 007 fan mags and which I eventually incorporated into an article on the Cars of The Stars/Bond Museum:

    Another vehicle now part of The Bond Museum (previously with the Cars of The Stars “James Bond Collection”) is an Aston Martin V8 Vantage as used in The Living Daylights. It is not the famous and oft seen “show car” (still kept by Aston Martin Lagonda and jointly owned with Eon), but is from Eon’s infamous “shed 10” at Pinewood Studios. Actually, the Museum acquired four V8s from Eon, two real vehicles and two fibre-glass (which was authorised by AML) “effects” replica/shell.

    Just in case it had escaped the readers notice, there were two models of V8 Aston Martin used in The Living Daylights, they were the Volanté and the Vantage ‑ for easy recognition, the Volanté is the soft-top/convertible and the Vantage is the “winterised” hard-top.

    The Volanté was the first V8 Aston Martin seen in the film, is fitted with a manual gearbox and no gadgets were employed on it. That particular Volanté was the vehicle originally registered as B549WUU (as used in the film) to Victor Gauntlet, then Executive Chairman of Aston Martin Lagonda Limited and loaned to Eon on the condition that it was not involved in any of the stunts – perhaps they couldn’t get any stand-in Volantés. After filming was completed, the index (registration) number was retained (although withdrawn as a registered number) for the AML promotional (“show car”) Vantage. The Volanté was later sold, adopting a new personalised index number – ASV870. It was resold in late 1988/early 1989, shortly after I had found and photographed it (in Oct/Nov 1988), and I understand that it has since (during 1991?) been resold yet again, at an auction held during a Classic Car Show at the Birmingham NEC.

    During The Living Daylights, the soft-top Volanté was seen at Q-Branch being “winterised”, resulting in the hard-top Vantage. The Aston Martin V8 acquired for the CoTS “James Bond Collection” were two of at least four Vantages used in the making of the film, the fibre-glass copy is one of at least four replicas that were built. The AML “show car” is fitted with an automatic transmission, the other (real and fibre-glass) V8s are fitted with an assortment of both manual and automatic – just watch the sequence where 007 accelerates away from the “shed” on the frozen lake, and think about it! The fibre-glass versions were used for various purposes such as close-up work etc, and to be bashed and bent in a variety of ways, including the one that was “self destructed”.

    The AML “show car” has also been converted from standard, and is not registered for road use – part of this conversion necessitated the removal of the fuel tank and replacing it with a jerry-can (for safety reasons). The “gadgets” available for display on this V8 Vantage are: the spot-light missiles, the outriggers (skis), laser beam in the wheel hub and the rocket-booster under the rear number plate. The spot-lights have to be manually lowered and the missiles are push-fit, and usually kept in the boot; the outriggers are also push-fit into special locating mounts in the skirting (that in the film works like a roller-shutter); the laser hub is a standard push-fit hub fitted with a small battery powered LED; the head-up display is a window sticker, augmented by a flashing lamp; and the rocket-booster is again a flashing lamp inside a mirrored tube, fitted with red cellophane to give a flame effect – the number plate section is not moveable. A couple of spiked snow tyres and an “ice-cutting” wheel are also available for use with this “show car”.

    The CoTS V8s were: a roadworthy vehicle that has a roll cage fitted (for high speed chases) and is the vehicle seen on the ice; the other car also has a roll cage fitted, has a fibre-glass nose and a steel sheet fitted to the underside (to protect the engine), it also has wooden (break-away) fittings for attaching the outriggers – this is the vehicle that “flew” over the road block; the replica is the special effects vehicle (not much more than a shell), complete with the mechanism for operating the outriggers, as well as the wheel to show the operation of the wheel spikes and lasers etc. One of these V8s now resides in The Bond Museum.

    Unlike the original ‘Bond’ Aston Martin DB5s used in Goldfinger and Thunderball, none of the gadgets used in The Living Daylights were actually built into the real V8s, therefore (unlike the DB5) they do not work at the press of a button, everything seen on screen was done by “special/camera effects” – sorry to spoil the illusion. Fortunately some of this close-up and special effects photography was done using the CoTS fibre-glass replica effects V8. The targeting for the missiles was done by moving the car heater controls and fired by pushing the cigarette lighter – when the top of the central control panel slides back in the film, it was done with a string toggle system (this is evident on both the CoTS and AML cars), by someone sitting (or lying) on the back seat and out of camera shot. The head-up display and lasers obviously come under “special/optical effects”. The radio in the AML “show car” Vantage (a Philips) is different to that used in the film (a Blaupunkt) and has been disconnected (the Police were using 96.90 to communicate); the central control console may have been electrically connected at one time (for the flashing lights) but no longer, the red and green button colours change manually when pushed; the tyre stud lever moves back and forth; and the self-destruct button is inoperative (thankfully). The spot lamps and rear number plate may have been electrically operated on the effects replica, but there is no evidence of this on the ‘real’ cars.

    I discovered (when I borrowed it) that the AML “show car” is not (although it wears the badge) a true V8 Vantage (that being the reason I have used italics for the model name), it is actually an Aston Martin V8 (an “Oscar India”), its forerunner (of 1979-82? vintage). Although AML are aware of this, for obvious reasons they prefer that information to be restricted and is therefore not generally known (so don’t tell them, or anyone else, that I told you so). Basically there is not a great deal of difference, but over the years a number of refinements had been made, and at the time of filming The Living Daylights the V8 Vantage was then, the current AML model – the CoTS Aston Martins are also older V8s disguised as Vantages. The body shape has remained pretty much the same since the (original) Aston Martin DBS (as per OHMSS), although different enough to require some “cosmetic surgery”. Remember too, that the DBS used in Roger Moore’s The Persuaders TV series was a six-cylinder, but wore the V8 wheels and badges because AML were unable to supply a DBS V8 at the time of filming. When not displayed, the AML “show car” Vantage is normally kept at Aston Martin Lagonda headquarters, in Newport Pagnall, Buckinghamshire.

    The other V8 Vantage and fibre-glass replicas still owned by Eon have now also been removed from “Shed 10” at Pinewood – where they had all been covered in dust etc for quite a few years – and were initially transferred to their then new base at Leavesdon. (n.b. The “etc” that was covering the Aston Martins whilst they were in “Shed 10” was, to put it bluntly, bird B)). All of the Aston Martin V8s used in The Living Daylights were finished in the same colour as the Volanté, Cumberland Grey (although it looks green) – the original colour of the AML “show car” was blue. Further detective work on the AML Vantage has been hampered by souvenir hunters (surely not genuine fans) who have removed both the engine plate and the chassis plate, which detail the engine builder and chassis numbers etc. AML themselves (should they have reason to) shouldn’t have too much difficulty (although probably time consuming) in tracking down these numbers, but for anyone else, forget it, unless you can obtain access to their files and have the time. One of the CoTS V8s has since been sold and now resides in the USA.

    Also worth noting is that although the index (registration) number B549WUU was withdrawn from use, an Aston Martin dealer has since acquired the number and attached it to a replica of the Bond Vantage, which is (currently) up for sale.

    Apparently one of the CotS fibreglass cars was acquired the Ian Fleming Foundation and went to the US (which you can see here) , and I think the other one went to Miami when the whole Cars of the Stars collection was sold off. He says One of the Cars of The Stars replicas had the gear for lowering (and raising) the outriggers and extending the road "spikes" of the snow tyres.
    Here's the IFF fibreglass car:
    tld-1.jpg
    Notice the boot shutlines are only moulded in:
    tld-2.jpg

    Here is the Dezer Collection's ex-Cars of the Stars car in Miami, which from the dents in the bodywork looks to be a real, metal car:
    IMG_9045-min.jpg
    It's missing its overriders for some reason.

    According to the Making Of The Living Daylights book, to make the stunt sequence Eon had to buy three second-hand Aston V8s (AM themselves couldn’t supply them in time), and the first one they bought had a canvas sunroof, so they had to convert the other two cars to having sunroofs too. Apparently the upside of this was that it made lighting the interiors easier.
    'Hazard' says that the cars were a mixture of manuals and autos, and the AML/Eon show car he borrowed was an auto (which contrasts with how it's portrayed in the film of course).

    Pleasingly, having done an MOT check on the numberplate, I see that the convertible from the film is still on the road and doing about 200 miles a year :)

    Here's a fun spot from the TV series 'Big Deal' airing in 1986: at 14m50s, Frank Butcher himself visiting a posh London hotel where a certain superspy appears to be visiting...

    :D

    i001114509.jpg
  • zebrafishzebrafish <°)))< in Octopussy's garden in the shade
    Posts: 4,311
    Great post @mtm , thanks for keeping this thread alive!
  • Posts: 5,772
    One question : ils there a reason why Roger Moore's Bond never drove an Aston Martin ?
  • mtmmtm United Kingdom
    Posts: 14,861
    I think they were just trying to do something different at that point. Also it hasn’t really been established that he always drove an Aston at that point, as it has pretty much been now.
  • zebrafishzebrafish <°)))< in Octopussy's garden in the shade
    Posts: 4,311
    @Gerard , Moore got to drive the DB5 for the Cannonball Run!
  • DragonpolDragonpol https://thebondologistblog.blogspot.com
    edited March 2021 Posts: 17,727
    zebrafish wrote: »
    @Gerard , Moore got to drive the DB5 for the Cannonball Run!

    Yes, I was thinking about that myself. Though I've sadly not seen the film myself I remember seeing a picture from it in Steven Jay Rubin's The James Bond Films (1981) where a man (possibly Roger?) is ejected from the DB5. I think it also mentioned there that Roger finally got to drive the DB5 in that film.
  • mtmmtm United Kingdom
    Posts: 14,861
    It was the actual original Goldfinger car too: the real BMT 216A. Now long lost, of course.
  • DragonpolDragonpol https://thebondologistblog.blogspot.com
    Posts: 17,727
    mtm wrote: »
    It was the actual original Goldfinger car too: the real BMT 216A. Now long lost, of course.

    Really? That's an interesting detail. I'm probably showing my Bond car ignorance here but what happened to the original Aston Martin DB5?
  • mtmmtm United Kingdom
    edited March 2021 Posts: 14,861
    Dragonpol wrote: »
    mtm wrote: »
    It was the actual original Goldfinger car too: the real BMT 216A. Now long lost, of course.

    Really? That's an interesting detail. I'm probably showing my Bond car ignorance here but what happened to the original Aston Martin DB5?

    It was stolen in the late nineties from an aircraft hangar I think. Never seen since, it either ended up in a very rich person's private collection or destroyed.

    A good way of identifying the original BMT car is that it has side repeater indicators on the wings between the wheels and the side strake vents: no other DB5 has them. You can spot them in The Cannonball Run and even in its first appearance in The Saint, and the road tests in car magazines at the time as it was the press car.

    So in the film, this car is BMT 216A (orange indicator lenses on the sides):
    02_classic_and_sports_car_James_Bond_aston_martin_DB5_Goldeneye_Bonhams_auction_0.png?itok=hBOnHgqT

    This car isn't (no indicators!):
    %2Fmethode%2Ftimes%2Fprod%2Fweb%2Fbin%2F14c7d920-9f80-11ea-91ea-9f9d4f718820.jpg?crop=3040%2C1710%2C33%2C370&resize=1180

    (I think that's the car which carried the numberplate FMP 7B )

    Here it is in The Saint with those indicators showing:
    saint13529.3260.jpg


    Of course the greatest secret about the original Bond DB5 is that it wasn't really a DB5! It was built as a DB4 and then converted into the DB5 protoype :)

    Here's a fun advert from '63 or so :)

    1.971051IMG_2676_1024x1024@2x.jpg?v=1555676683
  • Posts: 5,772
    Moore also drove the DBS in The Persuaders. But the absence of an Aston Martin in his Bond movies is quite obvious, especially for those who, like me, have the James Bond Car Collection.
  • Posts: 2,887
    There was a concentrated effort in LALD to have Roger dress, drink, speak, and even smoke differently from Connery, since it was felt that Lazenby had suffered from trying to copy Sean. Undoubtedly it was felt that an Aston Martin would recall Connery, so Moore never drove one in his first two films. And when TSWLM rolled around the filmmakers had discovered the futuristic Lotus, which gave Roger's Bond a car of his own. By the time Dalton came in bringing back the Aston Martin was a way for his Bond to stand apart from Moore's, and there was no longer a stigma about echoing the Connery era, since the series had proved it could stand on its own. The 25th anniversary of the series also meant it was safe to indulge in a little nostalgia.
  • mtmmtm United Kingdom
    Posts: 14,861
    I wouldn’t mind a car that isn’t an Aston next time though, it was nice when they had different cars. Not sure what’s suitable though: if you stick to British brands I’m not sure if there are many good choices. Jaguar don’t really make anything in Bond’s line (the F Type is a little small for him); Bentley is about right but I think it’s a bit naff(!); Lotuses aren’t the great lookers that the Esprit was (but still quite cool)... maybe a McLaren would feel fresh?
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